What to Learn to Become a Great Manager?

Being a manager in any industry can be a fulfilling job, but it can also be a difficult one. You will need to find the right balance of friendliness and authority. You will need to create a good team atmosphere whilst achieving the bigger goals. 

In every large organization, there's a hierarchy of management that keeps the whole operation running smoothly. A good manager can motivate people, learn from previous mistakes, and gain respect from a team. Here's how to build your skills.

Delegating : Learn how to choose what to delegate, match employee and delegated assignment, and set the stage for success by both developing your employees and freeing up your time for critical managerial tasks.

Goal Setting : Learn how to set realistic goals, prioritize tasks, and track milestones to improve performance and morale.

Managing Upward : Learn insight into developing a mutually rewarding relationship, with skills for communicating and negotiating with your manager, presenting problems or opportunities to your supervisor and accepting responsibility for your proposed actions.

Meeting Management : Learn about planning and conducting meetings from start to finish; preparation, keeping the meeting on track, and follow-up and dealing with problem behaviors exhibited by meeting participants. 

New Manager Transitions : Learn what it means to be a manager, as well as how to navigate the complex and often stressful transition from individual contributor to a new manager.

Presentation Skills : Learn about preparing and delivering presentations that command attention, persuade, and inspire, rehearsal techniques, creating and using more effective visuals, understanding your objectives and your audience to create a presentation with impact.

Stress Management : Learn the difference between positive stress that enhances productivity and negative stress that breeds tension, lowers productivity, and undercuts job satisfaction, strategies for dealing with underlying causes of worry and stress, tactical coping mechanisms for immediate problem management.

Time Management : Learn how to analyze how you currently spend your time and pinpoint opportunities for improvement, set goals, prioritize tasks, plan your time efficiently using scheduling tools, control time-wasters, and evaluate your schedule once it is underway.

Writing Skills : Learn how to accomplish your business objectives and extends your influence as a manager, create clearer, more effective written communications, guidelines for preparing memos, letters, emails, and other common business documents.

Career Management : Learn how to manage your career--including how to identify your business interests, professional values, and skills in order to target your most exciting career possibilities.

Change Management : Learn how to manage change constructively and navigate the ups and downs that inevitably accompany a change effort.

Coaching : Learn how to strengthen your coaching skills to facilitate the professional growth of the employees you coach.

Developing Employees : Learn how to encourage your employees to learn and grow, while maximizing the return on the management time you invest in employee development.

Difficult Interactions : Learn how to discuss and resolve difficult interactions in the workplace--whether with employees, peers, bosses, or even suppliers and customers.

Feedback Essentials : Learn when and how to give effective positive or corrective feedback, how to offer feedback upward, and how to receive feedback.

Global Collaboration : Learn critical skills required to manage a cross-cultural collaboration, including negotiating, building trust, overcoming language barriers, and navigating the geographical and technological challenges of working across continents.

Hiring : Learn how to identify the particular skill set needed for a job, and then how to research and interview leading candidates until you find the one who best fills your need.

Leading and Motivating : Learn about the essential tasks of leadership: setting direction, aligning people, and motivating others. Learn how to recognize the skills and characteristics of effective leaders, create an inspiring vision, and energize people to support and work toward your goals.

Performance Appraisal : Learn how to prepare for, conduct, and follow up on performance evaluations--in ways that link employee performance to your company's and group's goals.

Retaining Employees : Learn strategies for attracting and keeping top performers, how to handle common obstacles to retention such as burnout and work/life imbalance, and how to develop programs that address the diverse needs and interests of your workforce.

Team Leadership : Learn how to establish a team with the right mix of skills and personalities and create a culture that promotes collaborative work, steps to leading an effective team and includes innovative, easy-to-implement self-evaluation tools.

Team Management : Learn how to diagnose and overcome common problems - such as poor communication and interpersonal conflict - that can impede team progress, learn to take corrective measures to remove team problems and improve team performance.

Virtual Teams : Learn how to create concrete suggestions for forming virtual teams, including assessing their technology and communication needs, structuring the team to build trust, and keeping the team on track

Budgeting : Learn about the budget process, different types of budgets, and common budgeting problems--so you can allocate resources wisely to meet your goals.

Business Case Development : Learn how to create an effective business case, from defining the opportunity and analyzing alternatives to presenting your final recommendations.

Business Plan Development : Learn the process of preparing an effective plan for a business proposal, applicable to launching a new internal product as well as seeking funding for a new start-up business.

Crisis Management : Learn a practical, hands-on method for looking at crises--from developing a crises audit to avoid and prepare for crises, to managing an actual crisis, to learning from past events.

Customer Focus : Learn how to target the right customers and build their long-term loyalty by developing systems for learning about--and responding to--their needs.

Decision Making : Learn how to identify underlying issues related to a decision, generate and evaluate multiple alternatives, and then communicate and implement your decision.

Diversity : Learn how to manage diversity to extract maximum value from your employees' differences -- including how to recruit diverse talent, resolve diversity-related conflicts, and communicate with employees and customers from other cultures. 

Ethics At Work : Learn how to identify and execute sound choices based on ethical standards and how building a culture of integrity and cultivating an environment of trust among employees, customers, and other stakeholders lays a foundation for sustained success.

Finance Essentials : Learn the essential concepts of finance--budgeting, forecasting, and planning, for managers who are not financial managers.

Innovation and Creativity : Learn how to manage an intellectually diverse work group and their environment to produce more--and better--ideas that encourage innovation when developing products and work processes.

Innovation Implementation : Learn how to implement an innovation--from crafting a vision statement to gaining support and managing resistance--and turn an idea into reality.

Marketing Essentials : Learn the fundamentals that will help you better understand the importance of marketing and how it relates to you, especially for non-marketing managers.

Negotiating : Learn how to become an effective negotiator, the negotiation process: assessing your interests as well as those of the other party, developing opportunities that create value, avoiding common barriers to agreement, and implementing strategies to make the negotiation process run smoothly.

Performance Measurement : Learn how to review financial and non-financial measures used in all areas of organizational performance, addresses both standalone measures (including ROI, EVA, and BET) and measurement frameworks such as dashboards, quality models, and the Balanced Scorecard, systematic processes for tracking performance of initiatives.

Persuading Others : Learn the art and science behind successful persuasion -- changing others' attitudes, beliefs, or behavior to create win-win solutions, -- accomplishing work through others -- rather than simply issue orders.

Process Improvement : Learn what business processes are; why improving them is essential; and how to carry out a business process improvement (BPI) initiative.

Project Management : Learn the nuts and bolts of project management, including project planning, budgeting, team-building, execution, and risk analysis, useful tools and techniques such as GANTT and PERT charts, Work Breakdown Structure, and variance analysis.

Strategic Thinking : Learn how to shape and execute organizational strategy, analyzing opportunities, challenges, and the potential consequences of high-level action plans, addresses identification of broad patterns and trends, creative thinking, analysis of complex information, and prioritization of actions

source: unknwon

What Is Angina?

Angina literally means "choking pain," and angina pectoris refers to a painful or uncomfortable sensation in the chest that occurs when part of the heart does not receive enough oxygen due to disease in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart.

The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. The word "coronary" means a crown and is the name given to the arteries that circle the heart like a crown.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common form of heart disease.

Coronary heart disease develops when one or more of the coronary arteries that supply the blood to the heart become narrower than they used to be, due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances in the wall of the artery, affecting the blood flow to the heart muscle. Without an adequate blood supply, heart muscle tissue can be damaged.

Deposits of cholesterol and other fat-like substances can build up in the inner lining of these blood vessels and become coated with scar tissue, forming a cholesterol-rich bump in the blood vessel wall known as plaque. Plaque buildup narrows and hardens the blood vessel, a process called atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.

Eventually these plaque deposits can build up to significantly reduce or block blood flow to the heart. A person may experience chest pain or discomfort from inadequate blood flow to the heart, especially during exercise when the heart needs more oxygen.

Angina is the body's warning sign that the heart is being overworked. It can be experienced in a variety of ways.

 •Angina usually manifests as a feeling of pain, pressure, or tightness in the middle chest, especially behind the sternum (breastbone).

 •The sensation may spread to the left shoulder, arm, and hand, or to the neck, throat, and jaw.

 •The attack typically lasts for only a few minutes

An attack of angina does not cause permanent damage to the heart muscle. This is the main difference between angina and a heart attack, during which part of the heart muscle suffers permanent damage (unless the new clot-busting drugs are given in time).

Stable versus unstable angina

It is very important to distinguish between two types of angina: stable angina and unstable angina. Both types result from problems within the coronary arteries.

 •Stable angina results from a fixed obstruction of blood flow to the heart. It occurs when there is not enough blood for a fast-pumping heart, but sufficient blood can get through when the heart slows down and the individual is at rest. Stable angina typically is caused by widespread, irregular disease throughout the coronary arteries. The blockages that result may not seriously hinder the flow of blood, and they usually do not damage the heart unless a plaque (atheroma; fatty deposit within a blood vessel) suddenly ruptures.

 •Unstable angina is due to a sudden interruption of blood flow to the heart due to a partial or complete blockage of the artery.Unstable angina comes on when a person is resting, asleep, or undergoes physical exertion (unlike stable angina, which usually comes on with a physical exertion). Symptoms of moderate or severe discomfort suddenly may develop in a person who has never experienced angina before, and attacks may become more frequent or increase in intensity.

Unstable angina can be dangerous, while stable angina generally is less serious. In order to identify which condition is present, a physician looks at when the angina pain occurs:

 •Stable angina usually occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress or excitement. Stable angina doesn't lead to a heart attack in most people.

 •Unstable angina can occur during rest, can awaken a person from sleep, and can appear suddenly during physical exertion. Unstable angina may quickly progress to a heart attack.

Need To Know: About unstable angina

Unstable angina is a much more serious condition than stable angina because it may quickly progress to a heart attack. Some physicians regard unstable angina as a heart attack (until tests prove definitely that it is not a heart attack) because it is difficult to distinguish with early tests whether or not there has been damage to the heart muscle.

In unstable angina, cracks develop in the bulging plaque inside the coronary artery. These cracks, or partial ruptures of the plaque, are called plaque fissuring. It sets off an inflammatory reaction that dissolves the layer of tissue separating the plaque from the flowing blood. When the blood comes into direct contact with the plaque, it begins to form a clot around the damaged plaque.

Three things can happen:

 •The clot gets bigger. Depending on how much of the artery it blocks, it will either cause the pain of angina or develop into a heart attack if it completely blocks the artery.

 •The clot moves to another part of the artery and blocks it, causing a heart attack.

 •The clot may simply be washed away after the crack in the plaque has healed.

What was previously a reasonably "stable" narrowing of the coronary artery has become "unstable," reducing the blood flow through the affected coronary artery and causing symptoms even at rest.

Some interesting facts about unstable angina:

 •The plaques that develop the crack, or rupture, are usually not the same ones that cause the critical narrowing of the coronary arteries.

 •We do not know why a plaque suddenly ruptures.

 •Because the clot that forms is formed by platelets, the treatment initially is to give antiplatelet treatments. This is a very different treatment from the "clot-busters" given for a heart attack.

 •Unstable angina is considered as part of a spectrum called "acute coronary syndrome," which includes unstable angina and heart attack (known as myocardial infarction, either q-wave or non-q-wave types). What these conditions have in common is that symptoms result from rupture or erosion of a clot with obstruction of the coronary artery.

 •A heart attack (known as a q-wave myocardial infarction) generally results from a more extensive rupture of a plaque, in which the whole clotting system, not just platelets, becomes involved. The treatment then uses "clot-busters" (called thrombolytics), which are very different drugs from antiplatelet drugs used for unstable angina.

It is vitally important for the doctor to make the distinction between stable angina, unstable angina, and a heart attack. This cannot always be done immediately.

Angina may occur during everyday activities such as:

 •Rapid walking or running

 •Lifting or carrying a weight

 •Becoming angry or excited

 •Shoveling snow

 •Physical stress after eating (when food is still being digested)

 •Sexual intercourse (rarely)

The sensation of stable angina usually wears off after the angina-causing activity ends. Attacks typically last for only a few minutes. Symptoms may be worse in cold weather.

Because the sensation of angina is alarming, many people believe they are having a heart attack the first time they experience it. But stable angina is NOT a heart attack. In fact, most people with stable angina respond well to modern treatments and live full lives for many years - if they follow their physician's advice, take medication as prescribed, and learn to look after their hearts.

Although angina therapy is better than ever before, successful treatment depends upon close cooperation between the individual and the healthcare team. The person with angina must assume a lifestyle that minimizes the risk of further heart trouble.

20 PEOPLE WHO CHANGED INTERNET

The world has become tightly connected since the internet. The web itself has replaced the practice of reading newspaper.Most of us now communicate through e-mails instead of paper and pen.  We now watch networks or movies online, it has even become a wide business venture, so much so we can now make purchase and pay our bills through the internet. The web has also transformed friendships through various social media. It also provides us the possibility to reconnect with people from our childhood and it can be a life changing event. Having a great idea is one thing. Turning that idea into a booming company through innovation and execution is what that matters most.  Here, these are the people who have the biggest impact on the direction of the web: past, present, and future. They changed the internet and revolutionized the way we lead our lives today. Just imagine the world without internet. You can't because it has become our daily life.    1. Vint Cerf And Bob Kahn - Father of the Internet. The Father of Internet, Vint Cerf, together with Bob Kahn, created the TCP/IP suite of communication protocols, a language used by computers to talk to each other in a network. Vint Cerf once said that the internet is just a mirror of the population and spam is a side effect of a free service. 2. Tim Berners-Lee - Inventor of WWW Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He wrote the first web client and server and designed a way to create links, or hypertext, amid different pieces of online information. He now maintains standards for the web and continues to refine its design as a director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).  3. Ray Tomlinson - Father of Email Programmer Ray Tomlinson, the Father of Email, made it possible to exchange messages between machines in diverse locations; between universities, across continents, and oceans. He came up with the "@" symbol format for e-mail addresses. Today, more than a billion people around the world type @ sign every day. 4. Michael Hart - The birth of eBooks  Michael Hart started the birth of eBooks and breaks down the bars of ignorance and illiteracy. He created the Project Gutenberg and was considered world's first electronic library that changed the way we read. The collection includes public domain works and copyrighted works with express permission. 5. Gary Thuerk - The first Email spam Spamming is an old marketing technique. Gary Thuerk, sent his first mass e-mailing to customers over the Arpanet for Digital's new T-series of VAX systems. What he didn't realize at the time was that he had sent the worlds' first spam. 6. Scott Fahlman - The first emoticon Scott Fahlman is credited with originating the first ASCII-based smiley emoticon, which he thought would help to distinguish between posts that should be taken humorously and those of a more serious nature. Now, everybody uses them in messenger programs, chat rooms, and e-mail. 7. Marc Andreessen - Netscape Navigator Marc Andreessen revolutionized Internet navigation. He came up with first widely used Web browser called Mosaic which was later commercialised as the Netscape Navigator. Marc Andreessen is also co-founder and chairman of Ning and an investor in several start ups including Digg, Plazes, and Twitter. 8. Jarkko Oikarinen - Internet Relay Chat, IRC Jarkko Oikarinen developed the first real-time online chat tool in Finland known as Internet Relay Chat. IRC's fame took off in 1991. When Iraq invaded Kuwait and radio and TV signals were shut down, thanks to IRC, though, up-to-date information was able to distribute. 9. Robert Tappan Morris - First Worm Virus The concept of a worm virus is unique compared to the conventional hacking. Instead of getting into a network themselves, they send a small program they have coded to do the job. From this concept, Robert Tappan Morris created the Morris Worm. It's one of the very first worm viruses to be sent out over the internet that inadvertently caused many thousands of dollars worth of damage and "loss of productivity" when it was released in the late 80s.  10. David Bohnett - Geocities David Bohnett founded GeoCities in 1994, together with John Rezner. It grew to become the largest community on the Internet. He pioneered and championed the concept of providing free home pages to everyone on the web. The company shut down the service on October 27, 2009.    11. Ward Cunningham - The first Wiki. American programmer, Ward Cunningham, developed the first wiki as a way to let people collaborate, create and edit online pages together. Cunningham named the wiki after the Hawaiian word for "quick." 12. Sabeer Bhatia - Hotmail. Sabeer Bhatia founded Hotmail in which the uppercase letters spelling out HTM - the language used to write the base of a webpage. He got in the news when he sold the free e-mailing service, Hotmail to Microsoft, for $400 million. He was awarded the "Entrepreneur of the Year" by Draper Fisher Jurvertson in 1998 and was noted by TIME as one of the "People to Watch" in international business in 2002. His most exciting acquisition of 2009 was Jaxtyr which he believes is set to overtake Skype in terms of free global calling. 13. Matt Drudge - The Drudge Report. Matt Drudge started the news aggregation website The Drudge Report. It gained popularity when he was the first outlet to break the news that later became the Monica Lewinsky scandal. 14. Larry Page and Sergey Brin - Google (wikipedia) Larry Page and Sergey Brin changed the way we search and use the Internet. They worked as a seamless team at the top of the search giant. Their company grew rapidly every year since it began. Page and Brin started with their own funds, but, the site quickly outgrew their own existing resources. They later obtained private investments through Stanford. Larry Page, Sergey Brin and their company Google, continue to favor engineering over business.    15. Bill Gates - Microsoft Bill Gates founded the software company called "Micro-Soft," a combination of "microcomputer software."  Later on, Bill Gates developed a new GUI (Graphical User Interface) for a disk operating system. He called this new style Windows. He has all but accomplished his famous mission statement, to put "a computer on every desk and in every home," at least, in developed countries. 16. Steve Jobs - Apple Steve Jobs innovative idea of a personal computer led him into revolutionizing the computer hardware and software industry. The Apple founder changed the way we work, play and communicate. He made simple and uncluttered web design stylish.  The story of Apple and Steve Jobs is about determination, creative genius, pursuit of innovation with passion and purpose. 18. Brad Fitzpatrick - LiveJournal Brad Fitzpatrick created LiveJournal, one of the earliest blogging platforms. He is seen on the Internet under the nickname bradfitz. He is also the author of a variety of free software projects such as memcached, used on LiveJournal, Facebook and YouTube.LiveJournal continues today as an online community where people can share updates on their lives via diaries and blogs.Members connect by creating a "friends list" that links to their pals' recent entries. 19. Shawn Fanning - Napster Shawn Fanning developed Napster, a peer-to-peer file-sharing program designed to let music fans find and trade music. Users put whatever files they were willing to share with others into special directories on their hard drives. The service had more than 25 million users at its peak in 2001, and was shut down after a series of high-profile lawsuits, not before helping to spark the digital music revolution now dominated by Apple. Napster has since been rebranded and acquired by Roxio. 20. Peter Thiel - Paypal. Peter Thiel is one of many Web luminaries associated with PayPal. PayPal had enabled people to transfer money to each other instantly. PayPal began giving a small group of developers access to its code, allowing them to work with its super-sophisticated transaction framework. Peter Thiel cofounded PayPal at age 31 and sold it to eBay four years later for $1.5 billion.