Li-Fi could soon replace Wi-Fi with speeds up to 100 times faster

LED lamps in our houses could soon provide you with blazing-fast Internet speeds, leaving the  old Wi-Fi connection in the dust. It's all thanks to a new technology called Li-Fi, short for "light fidelity," which transmits information wireless via visible light.

What is Li-Fi?

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi ) is a bidirectional, high speed and fully networked wireless communication technology similar to Wi-Fi. The term was coined by Harald Haas ^] and is a form of visible light communication and a subset of optical wireless communications (OWC) and could be a complement to RF communication (Wi-Fi or Cellular network), or even a replacement in contexts of data broadcasting. It is so far measured to be about 100 times faster than some Wi-Fi implementations, reaching speeds of 224 gigabits per second.

It is wireless and uses visible light communication or infra-red and near ultraviolet (instead of radio frequency waves) spectrum, part of optical wireless communications technology, which carries much more information, and has been proposed as a solution to the RF-bandwidth limitations.

How fast will be Li-Fi?

The thing that makes Li-Fi so revolutionary is its incredible speed, up to 100 times faster than Wi-Fi. With that speed we can download contents of 23 DVDs in just one second using a Li-Fi connection. Laboratory tests have shown speeds of over 200 Gbps. It could solve the bottleneck problem that currently exists with our Wi-Fi networks, which will only be compounded as an estimated 50 million different objects and devices are expected to be connected to the Internet by 2020.

What is the disadvantage of Li-Fi?

For all of its advantages, Li-Fi does has one drawback. Because it transmits data with visible light, our device has to be in a lit room for it to work. 

Forget about using it in the dark, or out in the bright sunlight for that matter. Sunlight interferes with the artificial light that is transmitting the information. Li-Fi also can't pass through walls, for the same reason that the light from a closed room doesn't illuminate any surrounding rooms.

Will Li-Fi replace WI-Fi completely?

So Wi-Fi will be continued to be in use even after Li-Fi gets widely implemented. The idea will be to use them in tandem, to get the benefits of each .

Different Types of IDLIS

Idli is a traditional breakfast in South Indian households. Idli is a savoury cake that is popular throughout India and neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka. The cakes are usually four to five inches in diameter and are made by steaming a batter consisting of fermented black lentils (de-husked) and rice. The fermentation process breaks down the starches so that they are more readily metabolized by the body.

It’s nutritious and it’s steamed – making it absolutely safe even in the dingiest highway restaurant.

It also comes with markedly different flavours depending on which part of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka or Kerala you’re at.

Let us look at the different types of Idli 

1. The ‘grainy’ Udupi idli: 

In Bengaluru and Chennai’s traditional Udupi restaurants like serve this dish.

This idli uses the same 3:1 (rice:urad dal) mix but the batter is coarse lending a grainy texture to these idlis that are not overly fluffy

2. Chettinad idli-Khushboo Idly. 

It's very soft and fluffy because the batter is ground to an extra fine consistency while some chefs also use a 4:1 (rice : urad dal) mix. 

Murugan Idli Kadai (originally from Madurai) have made this version of idli extremely popular.

3. Kancheepuram Idli: 

We can trace its origins in the Vardarajaswamy temple in this legendary temple town where it is still the ‘temple prasad’. This coarse idli uses a 2:1 (rice:urad dal mix) and used to be traditionally cooked in large vessels (and not idli moulds) and then sliced. 

The batter is stored overnight and then blended with ghee, cashew, Bengal gram, jeera, curry leaves, ginger powder and peppercorns before being steamed. This flavour some idli doesn’t really need any accompaniment.

4. Rava Idli: 

Most people will argue that the Rava Idli doesn’t really qualify as an idli except for its shape. The batter (Rava mixed with curd) doesn’t require fermentation – in fact it needs to be cooked immediately, and it tastes very different from the conventional idli.

Bangloreans used to queue up for MTR Rava Idlis for decades. Now you can try their instant Rava Idli mix.

5.Oats Idli

A fine example of how low calorie food can taste exquisite, oats idli made from powdered oats and carrots are ideal for those trying to cut the carbohydrates. A fine example of how low calorie food can taste exquisite, oats idli made from powdered oats and carrots are ideal for those trying to cut the carbohydrates

6. Kadubbu or Moode:

These cylindrical idlis are quite common place in and around Udupi. From Kadubbu to Moode (or Mude) to Gunda the locals use quite a few terms to describe this uniquely shaped idli. 

It’s the same batter cooked in a different mould. The conical moulds are crafted almost artistically with jackfruit leaves. The leaves add a subtle flavour to the idli.

7. Ramasseri Idli:

These flat, super soft idlis are almost the size of a small dosa and are prepared in specially designed mud pots that are mounted one on top of the other (typically three to five in a row)

8. Thatte Idli:

If you’re ever driving from Bengaluru to Mysuru, do make a pit stop at Bidadi that has acquired quite a reputation for its unique version of the idli – Thatte Idli. As the name suggests these Idlis are steamed in plates (in regular steamers) and are usually served tarkari(vegetable) saagu.

9. Bite-Sized ‘Mini’ Idlis: 

Investing in an extra idli mould to make coin-sized idlis gives you quite a few snack options. These small cocktail idlis can be tossed with idli powder and curry leaves or deep fried and tossed in a spice mix. You could also dunk them in a bowl of sambhar.

10. Stuffed Idli 

A lovely version from Udupi, stuffed idlis make a light yet filling fit. Stuffed with dal, nuts and vegetables.

Eight Types of Income on Which You Don't Have to Pay Taxes in India

There are certain incomes that are exempt from income tax in India. If you get your income from these sources, your tax liability will be zero.

1) Dividend from shares and equity mutual fund: If you have invested in the shares of an Indian company, any dividend that you receive is not liable to tax under Section 10 (34) of Income Tax Act. The reason being the company has already paid tax from its own profit. Similarly, dividend income from an equity mutual fund is also exempt from tax. However, if you being an Indian resident have received dividend from a foreign company, it will be taxable. In case the dividend is taxed both in the foreign country and in India, you can claim taxation relief either as per the provisions of Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (if India has such agreement with that country) or can claim relief as per Section 91, if no such agreement exists.

2) Proceeds received on maturity of life insurance policies:Any sum received under a life insurance policy (including bonus if any) is exempt from tax provided the premium paid to actual capital sum assured does not exceed the prescribed thresholds provided by Income Tax Act.

"For policies issued till March 2012, the premium shouldn't be more than 20 per cent of the actual sum assured. For policies issued from April 1, 2012, the percentage was reduced to 10 per cent of actual sum assured," says Ms Neha of Nangia & Co. The tax exemption is applicable for endowment policies only, she adds.

However, if the above conditions are not met, the individual will be liable to pay a tax deducted at source (TDS) at the rate of 2 per cent, if the amount received during the financial year is more than Rs. 1 lakh.

3) Scholarship or grant received: If you have received any scholarship or grant as a student to meet your education cost, it is totally exempted from tax.

4) Interest received from government notified bonds:Interest income that you earn from certain bonds notified by government is exempt from tax. Recently, the government allowed certain public sector companies to issue such tax-free bonds to raise money for infrastructure projects. The interest that you will receive on these bonds will be tax-exempt but if you make any gains by selling these bonds on exchange before maturity, you will have to pay tax on the capital gains.

5) Agriculture income: As per Section 10 (1) of Income Tax Act, agriculture income in terms of rent or from any agriculture produce is exempt from tax. However, the agriculture income will have to be added to one's total income for the determination of the income-tax slab of the individual, says Neha Malhotra, executive director of taxation at Nangia & Co, a tax advisory firm.

6) Share of profit from partnership firm: If you are a partner in a partnership firm, you will not have to pay any tax on your share of profits. "The share of profit is exempt for the individual partner, if received from a partnership firm which has been subjected to tax on the profits at the partnership firm level," says Parizad Sirwalla National Head-Global Mobility Services-Tax, KPMG.

7) Interest on Non Resident External (NRE) account: "Any interest received by an individual is exempt from tax until such time the individual is a person resident outside India (PROI) as per Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA)," says Ms Parizad of KPMG.

8) Leave Travel concession (LTA): If you receive LTA as part of your salary is exempted from income tax unlike house rent allowance (HRA) against which you can claim deduction. You can claim exemption on the cost of domestic travel incurred under Section 10 (5) of Income Tax Act provided you give the proofs. You can claim LTA twice in a block of four years.
Source:http://profit.ndtv.com/news/your-money/article-eight-types-of-income-on-which-you-dont-have-to-pay-taxes-1273727