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Tuesday, October 3, 2023

10 Big Income Tax Rule Changes Effective From April 1,2023


As the new financial year 2023-24 began on April 1, 2023, taxpayers in India are affected by several changes to the income tax rules.

The changes were announced by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman during the Union Budget presented on February 1, 2023. The recently passed Finance Bill 2023 too introduced some changes which are likely to affect some sections of taxpayers and investors.

So, let us explain to you the ten big income tax rule changes that will be effective from April 1, 2023.

1) New income tax regime to be default regime:

Starting with the upcoming financial year 2023-24 which begins on April 1, 2023, the new income tax regime will act as the default tax regime. But keep in mind that the old regime continues to exist and those wanting to choose the old one instead of the new regime can certainly do so.

2) Tax rebate limit raised from ₹5 lakh to ₹7 lakh

Budget 2023 also made an annual income of up to ₹7 lakh tax-free. The enhancement of tax rebate limit to ₹7 lakh from ₹5 lakh from the new financial year 2023-24 means that those having income less than ₹7 lakh would have their entire income tax-free under the new income tax regime.
But before you hop onto the new regime, it'll be wise to compare the new and old one as per your existing as well as expected income for FY2023-24.

3) Standard deduction benefit extended to the new regime

The standard deduction was earlier not allowed in the new tax regime until FY 2022-23 (AY 2023-24). However, this benefit of a standard deduction of Rs.50,000 will now be allowed for salaried persons under new tax regime as well, from FY 2023-24 (AY 2024-25) onwards.

4) Changes in Income Tax slabs for new regime

Income range Income tax rate
Up to Rs. 3,00,000 Nil
Rs. 3.00,000 to Rs. 6,00,000 5% on income which exceeds Rs. 3,00,000
Rs. 6,00,000 to Rs. 900,000 Rs. 15,000 + 10% on income more than Rs. 6,00,000
Rs. 9,00,000 to Rs. 12,00,000 Rs. 45,000 + 15% on income more than Rs. 9,00,000
Rs. 12,00,000 to Rs. 1500,000 Rs. 90,000 + 20% on income more than Rs. 12,00,000
Above Rs. 15,00,000 Rs. 150,000 + 30% on income more than Rs. 15,00,000

Income Tax slabs & Rates as Per Old Regime FY 2023 - 2024

Given below are the three tables for the alternative Income Tax Slabs:

Income Tax Slab for Individual who are below 60 years

Income Tax slab Tax Rate
Up to Rs.2.5 lakh Nil
Above Rs.2.50 lakh - Rs.5.00 lakh 5% of the total income that is more than Rs.2.5 lakh + 4% cess
Above Rs.5 lakh - Rs.10 lakh 20% of the total income that is more than Rs.5 lakh +
Rs.12,500 + 4% cess
Above Rs.10 lakh 30% of the total income that is more than Rs.10 lakh +
Rs.1,12,500 + 4% cess
Individuals who have an income of less than Rs.5 lakh are eligible for tax deductions under Section 87A

Income Tax Slab Between 60-80 years (Senior Citizen)

Income Tax slabs Tax Rate
Up to Rs.3 lakh Nil
Above Rs.3.00 lakh - Rs.5.00 lakh 5% of the total income that is more than Rs.3 lakh +
4% cess
Above Rs.5.00 lakh - Rs.10 lakh 20% of the total income that is more than Rs.5 lakh +
Rs.10,000 + 4% cess
Above Rs.10 lakh 30% of the total income that is more than Rs.10 lakh +
Rs.1,10,000 + 4% cess

Income Tax Slabs for Individual above 80 years (Super Senior Citizen)

Income Tax slabs Tax Rate
Up to Rs.5 lakh Nil
Above Rs.5 lakh - Rs.10 lakh 20% of the total income that is more than Rs.5
lakh + 4% cess
Above Rs.10 lakh 30% of the total income that is more than
Rs.10 lakh + Rs.1,00,000 + 4% cess

5) LTA encashment limit raised from ₹3 lakh to ₹25 lakh

The leave encashment for non-government employees is exempt up to a certain limit. This LTA encashment limit was ₹3 lakh for two decades (since 2002). It has now increased to ₹25 lakh w.e.f FY 2023-24.

6) No LTCG tax benefit on these Mutual Funds

From April 1, investments in debt mutual funds will be taxed as short-term capital gains. The move would strip investors of the long term tax benefits that had made such investments popular.

7) Market Linked Debentures (MLDs)

Also, investment in Market Linked Debentures (MLDs) post April 1 will be short term capital assets. With this, grandfathering of earlier investments will end and the impact on the mutual fund industry will be slightly negative.

8) Life Insurance policies

Proceeds from life insurance premium over the annual premium of ₹5 lakh would be taxable from new financial year i.e. from 1st April 2023. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, while presenting Budget 2023, aslo announced that the new income tax rule won't be applicable on ULIP (Unit Linked Insurance Plan).

9) Benefits to Senior Citizens

The maximum deposit limit for senior citizen savings scheme will be increased to ₹30 lakhs from ₹15 lakhs.

The maximum deposit limit for monthly income scheme will be increased to ₹9 lakhs from 4.5 lakhs for single accounts and ₹15 lakhs from ₹7.5 lakhs for joint accounts.

10) Physical gold conversion to e-gold receipt not to attract capital gains tax

While presenting Budget 2023, Sitharaman said there will not be any capital gain tax if physical gold is converted to an Electronic Gold Receipt (EGR) and vice versa. This will be effective from 1 April 2023.

Sources:

Friday, September 29, 2023

Know about ChatGPT, its uses and limitations


What is ChatGPT?

ChatGPT is an abbreviation of Generative Pre-trained Transformer.

ChatGPT is an artificial-intelligence (AI) chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in November 2022. It is built on top of OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 families of large language models (LLMs) and has been fine-tuned (an approach to transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning techniques.

ChatGPT was launched as a prototype on November 30, 2022. It garnered attention for its detailed responses and articulate answers across many domains of knowledge.[3] Its uneven factual accuracy, however, has been identified as a significant drawback.[4] Following the release of ChatGPT, OpenAI's valuation was estimated at US$29 billion in 2023.[5]
The original release of ChatGPT was based on GPT-3.5. A version based on GPT-4, the newest OpenAI model, was released on March 14, 2023, and is available for paid subscribers on a limited basis.

What are the uses of ChatGPT?

Although the core function of a chatbot is to mimic a human conversationalist, ChatGPT is versatile. For example, it can write and debug computer programs; compose music, teleplays, fairy tales, and student essays; answer test questions (sometimes, depending on the test, at a level above the average human test-taker);write poetry and song lyrics; emulate a Linux system; simulate an entire chat room; play games like tic-tac-toe; and simulate an ATM.

ChatGPT's training data includes man pages and information about internet phenomena and programming languages, such as bulletin board systems and the Python programming language.

What are the limitations of ChatGPT?

ChatGPT has multiple limitations. OpenAI acknowledges that ChatGPT "sometimes writes plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers"This behavior is common to large language models and is called "hallucination". The reward model of ChatGPT, designed around human oversight, can be over-optimized and thus hinder performance, in an example of an optimization pathology known as Goodhart's law.

ChatGPT has limited knowledge of events that occurred after September 2021.


GPT-4:



Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a multimodal large language model created by OpenAI and the fourth in its GPT series. It was released on March 14, 2023, and has been made publicly available in a limited form via ChatGPT Plus, with access to its commercial API being provided via a waitlist. As a transformer, GPT-4 was pretrained to predict the next token (using both public data and "data licensed from third-party providers"), and was then fine-tuned with reinforcement learning from human and AI feedback for human alignment and policy compliance.

Compared with its November 2022 predecessor, ChatGPT, observers reported GPT-4 to be an impressive improvement on ChatGPT, with the caveat that GPT-4 retains some of the same problems. Unlike ChatGPT, GPT-4 can take images as well as text as input. OpenAI has declined to reveal technical information such as the size of the GPT-4 model.


How do I access GPT-4?
1. To get to ChatGPT-4, you will need the paid version of the site, ChatGPT+. Here's how you can get a subscription:

2. Open up the ChatGPT site, at https://chat.openai.com/

3. If you already have access to ChatGPT+, then the site will take you directly to ChatGPT4.

4. If you don't have the premium version, you'll have to upgrade from the sidebar, by selecting the 'Upgrade to Plus' option.

5. The upgrade option will show you a comparison between the free and premium versions

6. Once you've paid the piper, you'll get full access to the latest version of the chatbot.

7. When starting a new chat, a pulldown will give you the option to use one of the old models or GPT-4. Do note that ChatGPT-4 is slower than the other models, but is far more complex in interactions, with OpenAI terming their new release the most human yet.

No free AI for you

There is currently no way to access the latest iteration for free, unless you're a Bing user. Microsoft - which recently invested billions in ChatGPT parent OpenAI - has announced that their chatbot is being powered by the latest version of the AI.